Chrissi,
I am chuckling at "utensils." I think we would say "school supplies." Utensils are the things in the kitchen--knives, forks, and spatulas.
In my experience, both as a student and a parent--in the public schools, we don't have to buy textbooks. They are handed out at the beginning of the school year and need to be returned at the end. If a book is lost, I believe you have to pay a fine or replacement fee. Fortunately, we've never lost a book in our household.
Occasionally, a student will need to buy a book--a reading book, for example. But we don't have to pay hundreds of dollars.
College is another story, however. There, students do have to buy their books and they cost a fortune. My son's first semester as a freshman, his books cost $800. For the spring, it was $450. It doesn't matter if you are going to a public or private university--in college, you buy your books. There are ways to try to save money--used books, buying online--but even with savings, it is still a lot.
School supplies: students must have those and similar to you, teachers have very specific requirements. What type of notebook, what type of paper, certain colored pens (blue or black), rulers, crayons, scissors, etc. When they get to geometry, they need a protractor and compass. They big expense for both my children, in 9th grade, was a graphing calculator that cost ~$100.
In college, they don't dictate quite as much about the supplies but some courses do have requirements: ie, a science course with a lab might require a certain type of lab manual for recording results.
L